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Chapter 8: Clean Code, Comments,
and Escape Codes
Clean Code...
Clean code means that your HTML coding follows all
specifications. Here are a few ways to keep your code
clean:
-
Don't type special characters into your code,
instead type their escape code... many
characters should NEVER be typed directly into HTML
code... for example the "<", ">", the "©",
"&", and the " itself. Instead, type
&escape_code; (Ampersand,
Escape Code for Character, then a semicolon). For
these 5 characters, here are the escape codes...
- For the < type
<
- For the > type
>
- For the © type
©
- For the & type
&
- For the " type
"
- Use quotes around values in attributes...
For example, if you want a horizontal rule that is half
of the screen width, type <hr
width="50%"> rather than <hr
width=50%>, or if you want one that is size 5
type <hr size="5"> rather than
<hr size=5>.
-
Don't overlap tags... Overlapping occurs
when Tag A starts, Tag B starts,
Tag A closes, then Tag B closes. This
will cause errors in sensitive browsers. For
Example, it will not render correctly in Navigator
4.0 Beta1, Netscape purposefully built into the
browser so developers could catch errors.
Examples:
- Wrong Way (Overlaps):
<font
size=+1><b>This is Bold and One
Font Size Bigger</font></b>
Right Way (Doesn't Overlap):
<font
size=+1><b>This is Bold and One
Font Size Bigger</b></font>
- Wrong Way (Overlaps):
<a
href="here.html"><i>This link is
italicized</a></i>
Right Way (Doesn't Overlap):
<a
href="here.html"><i>This link is
italicized</i></a>
The Comment
Tag...
If you are writing an HTML document, sometimes you may want
to put little reminders to yourself with your code so that
you will be able to interpret your coding better. A comment
will not appear in a web browser when the page is
displayed... it is only visible when the source code is
viewed. You start commented text with
<!-- and end it
with -->.
Your own HTML
page...
Add the following to your HTML page ("Home.htm"): (the blue
text is what to add)
<html>
<head><title>My Home
Page</title></head>
<!-- The body starts here - and a
background image is loaded -->
<body
background="bgnd.gif">
<!-- This is a heading, in blue
-->
<center><font
color="Blue"><h1>YOURNAME's Home
Page</h1></font></center>
<!-- This is a horizontal line
-->
<hr>
<!-- My name and the two images are
all part of a link - which is a "mailto" link
-->
This is the home page of <a
href="mailto:YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS"><img
src="bullet.gif"
border=0><b>YOURNAME</b>.<img
src="bullet.gif" border=0></a>
<p>Type something about yourself here. Describe
briefly who you are and what you do for a living. Remember
to use bold and italic text, for emphasis.</p>
<hr>
<h2>My favourite Web Sites</h2>
<br>
<!-- This list is an unordered list
-->
<ul>
<li> <a href="http://www.xencon.com">Xenon Web
Design</a> </li>
<li> <a
href="http://www.microsoft.com">Microsoft</a>
</li>
<li> <a
href="http://www.sybase.com">Sybase</a>
</li>
<li> <a href="http://www.sybase.co.za">Sybase
South Africa</a> </li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Save the text file as "Home.htm".
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